STEP ONE Choose the type of quantitative research question (i.e., descriptive, comparative or relationship) you are trying to create. The type of quantitative research question that you use in your dissertation (i.e., descriptive, comparative and/or relationship-based) needs to be reflected in the way that you write out the research question; that is, the word choice and phrasing that you use Jan 04, · Questionnaire design is a very crucial and important part of the research because an inappropriate questionnaire misleads the research, academics, and policymaking. Therefore, a set of adequate and appropriate questions in a sequential order is required in a questionnaire. There are roughly two types of questionnaires, structured and Jan 08, · This can add additional time to the dissertation process, and so should be factored into your plan. Questionnaires, while a common tool among students, are generally not enough to stand alone as a research instrument. Quite commonly, students will use two or more research instruments. Another common instrument is the interview
How to structure quantitative research questions | Lærd Dissertation
There is no "one best way" to structure a quantitative research question. However, to create a well-structured quantitative research question, we recommend an approach that is based on four steps : 1 Choosing design questionnaires dissertation type of quantitative research question design questionnaires dissertation are trying to create i. In this article, we discuss each of these four stepsas well as providing examples for the three types of quantitative research question you may want to create: descriptivecomparative and relationship-based research questions.
The type of quantitative research question that you use in your dissertation i. If you are unfamiliar with the different types of variable that may be part of your study, design questionnaires dissertation, the article, Types of variableshould get you up to speed.
It explains the two main types of variables: design questionnaires dissertation variables i. It also explains the difference between independent and dependent variableswhich you need to understand to create quantitative research questions.
To provide a brief explanation; a variable is not only something that you measurebut also something that you can manipulate and control for. In most undergraduate and master's level dissertations, you are only likely to measure and manipulate variables, design questionnaires dissertation.
You are unlikely to carry out research that requires you to control for variables, although some supervisors will expect this additional level of complexity. If you plan to only create descriptive research questionsyou may simply have a number of dependent design questionnaires dissertation that you need to measure. An independent variable sometimes called an experimental or predictor variable is a variable that is being manipulated in an experiment in order to observe the effect this has on a dependent variable sometimes called an outcome variable.
For example, if we were interested in investigating the relationship between gender and attitudes towards music piracy amongst adolescentsdesign questionnaires dissertation, the independent variable would be gender and the dependent variable attitudes towards music piracy. This example also highlights the need to identify the group s you are interested in. In this example, the group of interest are adolescents.
This is discussed next. The structure of the three types of quantitative research question differs, reflecting the goals of the question, the design questionnaires dissertation of variables, design questionnaires dissertation, and the design questionnaires dissertation of variables and groups involved.
By structurewe mean the components of a research question i. The appropriate structure for each of these quantitative research questions is set out below:. There are six steps required to construct a descriptive research question: 1 choose your starting phrase; 2 identify and name the dependent variable; 3 identify the group s you are interested in; 4 decide whether dependent variable or group s should be included first, last or in two parts; 5 include any words that provide greater context to your question; and 6 write out the descriptive research question.
Each of these steps is discussed in turn:. How many? How often? How frequently? How much? What percentage? What proportion? To what extent? What is? What are? Some of these starting phrases are highlighted in blue text in the examples below:, design questionnaires dissertation. How many calories do American men and women consume per day? How often do British university students use Facebook each week? What are the most important factors that influence the career choices of Australian university students?
What proportion of British male and female university students use the top 5 social networks? What percentage of American men and women exceed their daily calorific allowance? All descriptive research questions have a design questionnaires dissertation variable. You need to identify what this is. However, how the dependent variable design questionnaires dissertation written out in a research question and what you call it are often two different things. In the examples below, design questionnaires dissertation, we have illustrated the name of the dependent variable and highlighted how it would be written out in the blue text.
The first two examples highlight that while the name of the dependent variable is the same, namely daily calorific intakedesign questionnaires dissertation, the way that this dependent variable is written out differs in each case.
All descriptive research questions have at least one groupbut can have multiple groups. You need to identify this group s, design questionnaires dissertation. In the examples below, design questionnaires dissertation, we have design questionnaires dissertation the group s in the green text. The examples illustrate the difference between the use of a single group e.
Sometimes it makes more sense for the dependent variable to appear before the group s you are interested in, but sometimes it is the opposite way around. The following examples illustrate this, with the group s in green text and the dependent variable in blue text :. Sometimes, the dependent variable needs to be broken into two parts around the group s you are interested in so that the research design questionnaires dissertation flows.
Again, the group s are in green text and the dependent variable is in blue text :. Of course, you could choose to restructure the question above so that you do not have to split the dependent variable into two parts. For example:. How many calories are consumed per day by American men and women? When deciding whether the dependent variable or group s should be included first or last, and whether the dependent variable should be broken design questionnaires dissertation two parts, the main thing you need to think about is flow : Does the question flow?
Is it easy to read? Sometimes the name of the dependent variable provides all the explanation we need to know what we design questionnaires dissertation trying to measure. Take the following examples:. In the first example, the dependent variable is daily calorific intake i. Clearly, this descriptive research question is asking us to measure the number of calories American men and women consume per day.
In the second example, the dependent variable is Facebook usage per week. Again, the name of this dependent variable makes it easy for us to understand that we are trying to measure the often i. However, sometimes a descriptive research question is not simply interested in measuring the dependent variable in its entirety, but a particular component of the dependent variable. Take the following examples in red text :. In the first example, the research question is not simply interested in the daily calorific intake of American men and women, but what percentage of these American men and women exceeded their daily calorific allowance.
So the dependent variable is still daily calorific intake, but the research question aims to understand a particular component of that dependent variable i. In the second example, the research question is not only interested in what the factors influencing career choices are, but which of these factors are the most important. Therefore, when you think about constructing your descriptive research question, make sure you have included any words that provide greater context to your question.
Once you have these details? you can write out the descriptive research question in full. The example descriptive research questions discussed above are written out in full below:, design questionnaires dissertation.
In the section that follows, the structure of comparative research questions is discussed. How to structure quantitative research questions There is no "one best way" to structure a quantitative research question.
STEP ONE: Choose the type of quantitative research question i. STEP ONE Choose the type of quantitative research question i. Structure of descriptive research questions Structure of comparative research questions Structure of relationship-based research questions.
Structure of descriptive research questions There are six steps required to construct a descriptive research question: 1 choose your starting phrase; 2 identify and name the dependent variable; 3 identify the group s you are interested in; 4 decide whether dependent variable or group s should be included first, last or in two parts; 5 include any words that provide greater context to your question; and 6 write out the descriptive research question.
Each of these steps is discussed in turn: Choose your starting phrase Identify and name the dependent variable Identify the group s you design questionnaires dissertation interested in Decide whether the dependent variable or group s should be included first, last or in two parts Include any words that provide greater context to your question Write out the descriptive research question FIRST Choose your starting phrase You can start descriptive research questions with any of the following phrases: How many?
Some of these starting phrases design questionnaires dissertation highlighted in blue text in the examples below: How many calories do American men and women consume per day? SECOND Identify and name the dependent variable All descriptive research questions have a dependent variable. Name of the dependent variable How the dependent variable is written out Daily calorific intake How many calories do American men and women consume per day?
Daily calorific intake What percentage of American men and women exceed their daily calorific allowance? Weekly Facebook usage How often do British university students use Facebook each week? Factors influencing career choices What are the most important factors that influence the career choices of Australian university students?
Design questionnaires dissertation of the top 5 social networks What proportion of British male and female university students use the top 5 social networks?
THIRD Identify the group s you are interested in All descriptive research questions have at least one groupdesign questionnaires dissertation, but can have multiple groups. FOURTH Decide whether the dependent variable or group s should be included first, last or in two parts Sometimes it makes more sense for the dependent variable to appear before the group s you design questionnaires dissertation interested in, but sometimes it is the opposite way around.
The following examples illustrate this, with the group s in green text and the dependent variable in blue text : Group 1st; dependent variable 2nd: How often do British university students use Facebook each week? Dependent variable 1st; group 2nd: What are the most important factors that influence the career choices of Australian university students?
Again, the group s are in green text and the dependent variable is in blue text : How many calories do American men and women consume per day? For example: How many calories are consumed per day by American men and women?
FIFTH Include any words that provide greater context to your question Sometimes the name of the dependent variable provides all the explanation we need to know what we are trying to measure.
Take the following examples: How many calories do American men and women consume per day? Take the following examples in red text : What percentage of American men and women exceed their daily calorific allowance? SIXTH Write out the descriptive research question Once you have these details? The example descriptive research questions discussed above are written out in full below: How many calories do American men and women consume per day?
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Conclusions. The chapter provides a descriptive and in-depth discussion of the methods involved in the current study’s research. The current study is looking towards a quantitative approach that considers positivism as its philosophical undertaking, using deductive reasoning for its interpretive approach, is a mono-quantitative method that involves the use of a survey instrument for data Jan 04, · Questionnaire design is a very crucial and important part of the research because an inappropriate questionnaire misleads the research, academics, and policymaking. Therefore, a set of adequate and appropriate questions in a sequential order is required in a questionnaire. There are roughly two types of questionnaires, structured and Qualitative research objectives samples, examples and ideas. Qualitative research has originated from sociology and psychology, two fields of science that study the human behavior, their preferences and the decision making process.. But there are still several different approaches in qualitative research field
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